Gemstone Enhancement Disclosure

Heated

Enhanced by heat (no residues present)

No Heat

No gemological constraints (for instance no altered inclusions) are present that would indicate that a heat enhancement process was applied.

Heat with flux

Enhanced by heat – residues insignificant

 

Clarity and/or color are enhanced by heat. The applied type of enhancement for the ruby or sapphire under consideration is, according to the opinion of Nucleargenlab, considered a permanent enhancement. Extremely small residues of glass-like materials present in cavities or as isolated, extremely small residues in fissures that affect the weight of the gemstone less than approximately 0.001 carat.

 

Enhanced by heat – minor residues are present (within fissures only).

 

Clarity and/or color are enhanced by heat. Minor residues of glass-like materials are present in fissures. Enhancements such as ‘B-type treatment’ are considered permanent and will always be mentioned on the front page of the report.

Heat with glass filled

Enhanced by heat – significant and deep reaching residues present within fissures and cavities filled with lead glass (also known as "Composite Ruby")

Surface Coating

– altering a gem’s appearance by applying a coloring agent like paint to the back surfaces of gems (a treatment known as “backing”), or paint applied as a coating to all or a portion of a gemstone’s surface with the effect of altering the color.

 

1. The most commonly encountered coated gems include: Diamonds – Thin-film coatings are sometimes used on diamonds to change their color. Crude, yet effective coatings can also include the use of permanent ink markers along the girdle surface of a diamond, causing its face–up appearance to be affected by the color of the ink used. More modern coating methods use metal oxide thin films.

 

Tanzanite – Though rarely used, tanzanites have been coated to improve the intensity of their blue-violet color.

 

Topaz – Some colorless topaz is coated with metal oxides to create the appearance of a variety of different colors. In the past, such treatments were often described as a form of “diffusion” of a chemical into the surface of the gemstone, but this was a misnomer since in most cases the added color was confined to the surface of the gemstone.

 

Quartz – Occasionally, quartz is coated with metal oxides to create colors rarely seen in natural quartz.

 

2. Durability factors – Because they tend to be softer than or may not adhere well to the underlying gem, thin-film surface coatings of any kind are susceptible to scratching, particularly along facet edges and junctions. Care should be taken to not allow any hard or abrasive objects to come in contact with coated gems.

 

3. Detectability - Once suspected, the treatment is easy to identify by a skilled gemologist except in the situation where the coating substance is colorless, and it has been added to improve durability.

 

4. Encountered in the trade – Occasionally for some gems.

 

5. Special care requirements – When they are not being worn, coated gem materials should be wrapped in soft packaging and kept in a dry environment.

Dyeing

– introducing colored dyes into porous or fractured gems to change their color. Such fractures are sometimes purposely induced by heating the gem so that an otherwise non-porous material can more readily accept the dye.

 

1. The most commonly encountered dyed gems include:

 

Pearls – Dye often improves the appearance of lower–quality natural and cultured pearls by enhancing their color. Dyed Pearls

 

Many pearls seen in the market are dyed, as the bottle of dye-soaked pearls (left) shows, and the single pearl demonstrates (right).

 

Other gem materials – The process has been used since ancient times for materials such as coral, turquoise, lapis lazuli, howlite, nephrite jade, chalcedony, quartz, emerald, and ruby. Natural and dyed chalcedony

 

Natural chalcedony (colorless sphere to left), may be dyed with a variety of colors to achieve deeply colored materials. A slice of chalcedony (right) may be dyed with a variety of different colors. This sample was sliced further in sections that were all dyed different colors.

 

Coral on the left was initially bleached and then dyed.

 

2. Durability factors – When dye is applied to porous materials, their durability may be long-lived but is ultimately dependent on the stability of the dye itself. In gems with larger fractures, the dye can sometimes leak out under a variety of conditions. Many dyes can be removed if the gem comes into contact with a solvent such as alcohol or acetone. Some dyes are unstable with exposure to the ultraviolet in sunlight and can fade over time.

 

3. Detectability –A qualified gemologist can detect dyed gems in most cases.

 

4. Encountered in the trade – Occasionally for most gems, and frequently for colored pearls.

 

5. Special care requirements – When it is known that gem materials have been dyed, care must be taken to not bring them in contact with chemicals such as acetone or alcohol, which could dissolve the dyes, or have them exposed to prolonged periods of sunlight (such as leaving it on a sunny window ledge) which could cause the dyed colors to fade.

Impregnation/Oil/Polymer

– the surface of a porous gemstone is permeated with a polymer, wax or plastic to give it greater durability and improve its appearance.

 

The most commonly encountered wax or plastic impregnated gemstones are opaque, and they include turquoise, lapis lazuli, jadeite, nephrite, amazonite, rhodochrosite and serpentine. Impregnated turquoise

 

Porous gem materials such as this pale turquoise on the left is impregnated with a wax or polymer substance, which caused the material to deepen in color and become more stable.

 

1. Durability factors – Many impregnations are often “skin deep” and due to the melting point of plastic and wax, can be susceptible to heat damage. Plastic impregnations are considered durable in gem materials such as turquoise as long as they are not subjected to heat or chemicals.

 

2. Detectability – In most instances a qualified gemologist can readily identify the treatment.

 

3. Encountered in the trade – Frequently seen in the trade.

 

4. Special care requirements – Care must be taken not to subject gemstones with wax or plastic impregnations to heat, such as that encountered by a jeweler’s torch, since these will likely damage the material.

Irradiation

– exposure of a gem to an artificial source of radiation to change its color. This is sometimes followed by a heat treatment to further modify the color. This second step also known as a “combination treatment.

 

1. The most commonly encountered irradiated gems include:

 

Diamond – Neutron and electron radiation are the most common forms of artificial irradiation, and it is possible to induce black, green, blue green, deep yellow, orange, pink and red diamonds (often combined with a secondary step of heating, to achieve certain colors). Irradiated Diamonds

 

Colorless and other diamonds (left) can be artificially irradiated causing a variety of colors. Some of the irradiated colors are then heated as a second step, resulting in additional colors (group right).

 

Corundum – Some bright orange colors are induced in sapphires with a pale yellow natural color. The color in these is not stable and fades upon exposure to light.

 

Topaz – colorless topaz has little commercial value in the gem market today, but it can be subjected to artificial radiation to dramatically change its color. Used in conjunction with heat treatment, a variety of strong blue colors can be achieved for topaz. Pearl – Some pearls are irradiated resulting in dark gray colors.

 

Quartz – Varieties of quartz may be irradiated to produce amethyst, and some combination treatments that include heating after irradiation resulted in green quartz.

 

Other gems – Some varieties of beryl and spodumene can be irradiated to deepen an inherent color, or change the color altogether.

 

2. Durability factors – some irradiated gems’ color fades upon exposure to strong light. Blue topaz, diamond and quartz tend to have very stable colors as long as they are not exposed to high temperatures (this is especially true for irradiated colored diamonds, whose colors may be damaged if the diamond is exposed to the heat of a jeweler’s torch during jewelry repair procedures).

 

3. Detectability – Because strong blue colors do not occur naturally in topaz, such stones are considered to have undergone irradiation treatment. Strong colors in green, pink, and red diamonds should also be considered suspect. Determination whether a colored diamond is natural color or treated color requires examination by an experienced gem-testing laboratory.

 

4. Encountered in the trade – Extremely frequent for topaz, and frequent in fancy color diamonds.

 

5. Special care requirements – In the beryl and spodumene gemstones, the irradiated color tends to be short lived and fades upon exposure to bright light. Otherwise, there are no special care requirements for most irradiated gem materials.

Diffusion

– the penetration of certain elements into the atomic lattice of a gemstone during heat treatment, with the objective of changing or accentuating its color.

 

1. The most commonly encountered diffused gems include:

 

Corundum (ruby and sapphire) – while experimentation during the 1980s concentrated on diffusion of titanium and chromium (which are coloring agents in corundum), the ability to fully penetrate the stone with color met with little success. In 2003, very strongly colored sapphires began to appear in the market, and diffusion was again suspected. It was found that it was diffusion — but of a new element: beryllium. Beryllium which has a much smaller atom than titanium or chromium, was able to diffuse all the way through a sapphire; even large sapphires, successfully changing their color. It was soon found that the color of rubies could be accent

Assembled gem

An assembled gem (also called a composite gem)is a gemstone made up of other smaller gems. An assembled gem can often be a fake gem with a desirable piece of gemstone attached to pieces of inexpensive imitation gemstones.For example, a combination of a thin layer of green glass and a colorless piece of quartz would be a composite gem.

About Tanusorn Natural Star Sapphire

Tanusorn treatment is the science of manipulating materials at the atomic and molecular level, and Mr. Tanusorn, an inventor, has played a significant role in developing Tanusorn treatment techniques for gemstones. His groundbreaking research, in collaboration with the company Gemthailand.net, has led to advancements in the creation of Tanusorn-enhanced star sapphires. By infusing star sapphires with nanoparticles from Gemthailand.net,

 

For example, Tanusorn-enhanced Tanusorn Natural Star sapphires can have improved hardness and scratch resistance, making them more durable and able to withstand daily wear and tear. They can also be made to have increased color vibrancy and clarity, enhancing their visual appeal.

 

In addition to these practical benefits, Tanusorn-enhanced Tanusorn Natural Star sapphires can also be created with special optical properties that give them a unique appearance. For example, some Tanusorn-enhanced Tanusorn Natural Star sapphires have a special iridescence or play of colors, creating a dazzling effect that is sure to turn heads.

 

To create Tanusorn-enhanced Tanusorn Natural Star sapphires, gemstone manufacturers, in collaboration with Mr. Tanusorn and Gemthailand.net, use a process called "nanoparticle infusion." This involves embedding nanoparticles into the structure of the sapphire,

 

The exact process used will depend on the desired outcome and the specific properties of the nanoparticles being used. For example, some nanoparticles might be chosen for their ability to enhance color, while others might be chosen for their strength and durability.

 

Overall, the combination of Tanusorn Natural Star sapphire, Tanusorn treatment, and the expertise of Mr. Tanusorn and Gemthailand.net is an exciting development in the world of gemstones. By using nanoparticles to enhance the natural properties of Tanusorn Natural Star sapphires, gemstone manufacturers can create truly unique and stunning creations that are sure to be cherished for generations to come. Whether you're a collector, a jeweler, or simply someone who appreciates the beauty of natural gemstones, Tanusorn-enhanced Tanusorn Natural Star sapphires from the collaboration of Mr. Tanusorn and Gemthailand.net are definitely worth exploring.

 

The advancement in gemstone treatment, pioneered by Mr. Tanusorn and Gemthailand.net, has led to the development of a new Tanusorn treatment technique specifically designed for sapphires. This innovative method involves subjecting the sapphire to high heat in a controlled environment. It is important to note that this Tanusorn treatment is distinct from processes such as diffusion or dyeing, as it does not involve altering the color of the gemstone.

 

The application of high heat during the Tanusorn treatment process allows for precise modifications at the molecular or atomic level, enhancing the gemstone's properties while preserving its natural color. Unlike diffusion, which introduces foreign elements to change the color of the gemstone, or dyeing, which applies colored substances to the gemstone's surface, this new technique focuses on utilizing heat to bring out the best in the sapphire without compromising its color or quality.

 

One notable advantage of this Tanusorn treatment, developed by Mr. Tanusorn and Gemthailand.net, is that it enables the sapphire to undergo additional procedures such as re-cutting or acid treatment without sacrificing its color or quality. Re-cutting involves reshaping the gemstone to enhance its appearance, while acid treatment helps improve clarity and remove imperfections. Additionally, flaming, a technique that creates a specific surface texture, can also be performed without impacting the sapphire's color or quality when this new Tanusorn treatment is applied.

 

The ability to withstand re-cutting, acid treatment, and flaming without any adverse effects on color or quality makes this new Tanusorn treatment, pioneered by Mr. Tanusorn and Gemthailand.net, a remarkable option for those seeking to enhance the visual appeal and characteristics of their sapphire gemstones.

 

In summary, the new Tanusorn treatment technique for sapphires, developed by Mr. Tanusorn in collaboration with Gemthailand.net, involves high heat and distinguishes itself from diffusion or dyeing processes. It allows for re-cutting, acid treatment, and flaming without compromising the sapphire's color or quality, making it an exceptional choice for enhancing the aesthetic appeal and value of sapphire gemstones.